Friday, August 28, 2020

Essay --

The right to speak freely of Speech is the thing that this country’s constitution gives its kin. All things being equal, we must be cognizant that placing into impact these privilege require feeling of obligation. Hence, the media is a fundamental component in today culture and has end up being the essential effect and it has a result on our nations’ future, perspective, and the globe’s perspective on us. Therefore, the media are answerable for standard America goals and the commonality of the picture dependent on the effect from the media. The media are major of social impact and political choices. Also the media has the obligation to give perusers, watchers and audience members exactness and responsible. In any case, the media ought to maintain reasonableness and fastidiousness (Pulliam, 1996-2012). For this reason, the media has collected into the most urgent part of our time, impacting each resident settling the anxiety identifying with media obligation today , yet additionally testing to portray the significance of the duty. The media are what we read, tune in to and watch; the chief effect is mental, scholarly and share business suggestions. An utilitarian reason can be capable just through an undertaking to include various moral gauges built up by the social request to improve our general public. â€Å"Congress will make no law regarding a foundation of religion, or restricting the free exercise thereof; or condensing the ability to speak freely, or of the press; or the privilege of the individuals serenely to amass, and to request of the legislature for a review of complaints â€Å" (Bhagwat, 2011). Thus, the media is answerable for the manner in which we see and fabricate our very own perspectives on the world and the manner in which it works. Immediately ... ...ia to ensure the data is introduced in a reasonable, adjusted and honest way (Voakes, 2004). As columnists and the media itself we as a whole have the obligation to look for truth and report it, limit mischief, and act autonomously (Pulliam, 1996-2012). Henceforth, the Media has the obligation to give perusers, watchers and listeners’ precision and responsibility of data. Moreover the media has incorporated with generally essential part of our time, affecting each resident rather it is governmental issues, the law, or other social issues. As a future writer the media has three jobs of obligations of with respect to the media. They should go about as a reflection of society to educate the individuals. Moreover to help connect the correspondence holes between various areas of society. Ultimately, additionally fundamentally break down open arrangements, social and social issues in the general public.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Structural Theories Essay Example for Free

Basic Theories Essay Thought processes are accepted to be the purpose for the activity of individuals. Regardless of whether negative or positive, they are the reason for an individual’s activity. Since intentions assist us with bettering perceive why an individual would accomplish something, a great deal of research has been focused on understanding the example of individuals or gathering of people groups thought processes. Information on designs is essential to numerous parts of human conduct yet particularly those identifying with wrongdoing. Realizing an example encourages one to anticipate, and ideally help instruct others on future violations. The examination of wrongdoing is broad to such an extent that specialists have made hypotheses as well as different subculture speculations of wrongdoing. Subculture hypothesis of wrongdoing is a lot of speculations contending that specific gatherings or subcultures in the public arena have qualities and perspectives that are helpful for wrongdoing and brutality. Subcultural hypotheses of Cloward and Ohlin, Wolfgang and Feracuti, Elijah Anderson, and Walter Miller offer a lot of understanding on why various gatherings of individuals decide to take part in the wrongdoings that they take an interest in. Despite the fact that these speculations are expansive and revealed insight into what certain gatherings will credit to wrongdoing, it's anything but a careful science. A great deal of these speculations join studies that question the fundamental focuses the scientists are attempting to demonstrate. Cloward and Ohlin hypothesized ill-conceived opportunity structures, which contends that with the goal for somebody to get and exploit the most remunerating ill-conceived openings, hopeful delinquents frequently need a â€Å"in†. Inside the ill-conceived open door structure there are various subcultures and offspring societies. Cloward and Ohlin proceed to part individuals into various subcultures of lawbreakers who don't have a â€Å"in†. The subcultures of the criminal structure that are offered are Conflict subculture, strife pack, retreatist group, and retreatist whelp culture. The individuals who fit in Conflict subculture turn their disappointment at disappointment in both the real and ill-conceived opportunity structures into viciousness and those that are in groups expect to bring in cash through an assortment of ill-conceived roads. While strife packs take part in vicious exercises, doing whatever is important to keep up their status in the avenues and at last retreatist posses are considered â€Å"double-failures† no achievement in either genuine or ill-conceived openings go to drugs. A few studies to Cloward and Ohlin have been that they neglect to understand that the various subcultures can cover. For instance, posses associated with strife subculture frequently bargain in and use medications, and make huge totals of cash all the while. Not at all like Cloward, Ohlin, Wolfgang and Feracuti, Walter Miller contended that wrongdoing is basically an augmentation of typical average workers esteems, not a particular arrangement of elective qualities. Mill operator contended that the lower classes make their diverse worth framework as a reaction to the dullness of maintaining â€class sources of income and an existence of neediness. Common laborers subculture is a system brimming with forms, which permit average workers individuals to adapt to their circumstances. He named this central concern. These central concerns are destiny, independence, inconvenience, energy, cleverness, and strength. Because of the way that these qualities can be disseminated all through society, Walter Millers hypothesis is believed to be too focused on common laborers esteems. His hypothesis additionally has an over the top spotlight on young men. Wolfgang and Feracuti contend the subculture of brutality; they accept that viciousness is a result of adjustment to a genius rough subculture that is in direct clash with the predominant culture. They recommend that vicious responses to saw dangers to notoriety or respect are socially endorsed, given that an inability to respond protectively may bring about dangerous outcomes. These analysts even proceed to apply this hypothesis outside of distraught neighborhoods, for example, the American south, competitors, and mailmen. Still scrutinizes feel as if Wolfgang and Feratuci derive the presence of subcultures of brutality dependent on factual pointers of high paces of savagery in poor racialized neighborhoods. Another significant study is that not every person follows the qualities and standards of brutality. This study was then investigated in Anderson’s study. He uncovered â€Å"street† and â€Å"decent† esteem directions among families in Philadelphia neighborh ood. In Elijah Anderson’s â€Å"code of the street† he recommends that the highâ rates of savagery among downtown inhabitants can be credited to a â€Å"code of the streets.† This code, he notes, works as a â€Å"set of casual guidelines overseeing relational open behavior† that energizes the utilization of brutality for the motivations behind keeping up respect and safeguarding notoriety. Much the same as Cloward and Ohlin’s Conflict pack subculture and Wolfgang and Fercuti’s subculture of savagery, Anderson accepts that wrongdoing happened in specific neighborhoods so as to keep up status and regard. Anyway new enhancements for this contemporary hypothesis were included when Anderson incorporated the varieties of families that lived inside this professional savage culture. He inferred that while the two contingents experience the hardships of race and class persecution, â€Å"rather than harping on the hardships and imbalances confronting them ,† Anderson contends, â€Å"civil† people tend to â€Å"accept standard qualities more completely than â€Å"street families† and cause the best of what they to have (Anderson, 1999: 38). In spite of the fact that this hypothesis proceeds to demonstrate that not every person in a professional rough condition maintains similar qualities, it neglects to explain the particular procedures that had driven the occupants of Germantown Avenue’s downtown to grasp star savage qualities and mentalities. Subcultural hypotheses don't sufficiently clarify racial incongruities in wrongdoing. Every one of these speculations have an attention on African-Americans in ruin regions. The subcultural speculations offered likewise have a fixation on road wrongdoing. No hypothesis appears to offer explanation regarding why the world class carry out desk wrongdoings. Besides these different subcultures that emphasis on star vicious societies don't give understanding on how the ace fierce societies came to be in any case.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Psychology Biological and Environmental Factors

Question: Talk about the Report for Psychology of Biological and Environmental Factors. Answer: The insight of people is influenced both by the organic and natural elements. However, it isn't completely dictated by the organic or hereditary elements; it has a ton to do with nature, especially on account of language of the people and ability of learning together with examining the impact of the earth. This paper will examine why a childs early home condition has long haul impacts on the social turn of events. The natural variables impact childrens language learning capacity and social turn of events. Insight alludes to the limit of the people to get information, to think and act viably and manage their condition (Sternberg, 2014). A few impacts of the earth are liable for molding insight. These impacts for the most part fall into two principle classifications Biological and sociocultural (Pringle, 2013).The organic impacts act in the reaction to the physical body, though the sociocultural impacts are worried for molding the brain and conduct of a person. The natural impacts envelop everything from sustenance to tension, and starts molding knowledge from the pre-birth stages. It has been uncovered that nourishment influences knowledge all through the presence of people Doise et al., 2013). During the early times of development, ailing health can debilitate subjective turn of events. The neural associations and pathways can be disturbed by a lacking nourishment and because of this an individual can't recoup intellectually (Smith, Cowie, Blades, 2015). In the improvement of human insight, stress likewise assumes a job. For instance, in youth, an introduction to viciousness has been connected with lower reviews in school and lower IQ in the offspring of the considerable number of races (Chevalier et al., 2013). An examination has been completed on a gathering of kids having a place with the urban zones and their guardians by utilizing state administered tests, interviews, self-report and IQ tests. This examination uncovered that introduction to viciousness and enduring in kids is connected with impressive lessening in the IQ learning capacity. What's more, the introduction to poisons and other pre-birth factors are likewise found to affect insight and in scarcely any cases prompts the issues, for example, delay being developed. Then again, in sociocultural impacts, family is viewed as generally compelling in the advancement of kids, however it is confused to determine the natural elements from the ecological factors in a nuclear fam ily. For example, in a childs home the amount of books has been uncovered to decidedly connect with insight. It has additionally been discovered that a youngsters position in birth likewise impacts knowledge (Shaffer Kipp, 2013). Moving outside the nuclear family, the companion gatherings of the individuals helps in molding them essentially (Whitcomb Merrell, 2013). Generalization danger is worried about the idea that people having a place with a specific gathering will perform consecutively with speculations allotted to that gathering, regardless of their individual capacity; this risk had been perceived to influence the scores of IQ, decidedly just as adversely (Brady et al., 2013). This implies, if an individual has a place with a gathering that is known to be smart, at that point they will seem, by all accounts, to be progressively shrewd regarding their IQ tests. In the event that on the off chance that they are informed that they have a place with a unintelligent gathering, they will give a more regrettable presentation, regardless of whether these distinctions are manufactured and arbitrary (Chevalier et al., 2013). The natural variables impact childrens language learning capacity and social turn of events (Hartas, 2012). A hypothesis, which clarifies the ecological effect on improvement of language, is the behaviorist hypothesis, which was proposed by B.F Skinner (Doise et al., 2013). As per this hypothesis, language is procured in the comparative route as some other conduct by methods for operant molding (Hanko, 2016). In operant molding, the way toward learning is characterized as the social changes because of the result of the encounters that happens after a reaction. As per Skinner, operant molding occurs in the advancement of language when youngsters make sounds and it is fortified by the responses of their folks. An energized grin, consideration and embraces are instances of this support (Smith, Cowie, Blades, 2015). Every one of these makes the youngsters increasingly likely to rehash their activities and words and relate them with a comparing occasion or item. Operant molding joins with impersonation for permitting the fast improvement of language to happen (Charlesworth, 2013). Another point of view, which clarifies the ecological effect on improvement of language, is the interactionist viewpoint, which for the most part stresses on the cooperations between the natural impacts and intrinsic capacity (Wood, Kendal Flynn, 2013). There are two fundamental sub-bunches that include a presence inside the interactionist point of view: the cultural communication viewpoint of language advancement and the data preparing viewpoint of language improvement (Sternberg, 2014).The scholars of data handling viewpoint accept that a kid comprehends confused language by inborn subjective capacities coordinated with the encounters of nature. These scholars have a similar conclusion with the natural speculations that a kid is brought into the world with an exceptional capacity of breaking down language. Then again, they likewise differ that these capacities are potentially insufficient to clarify the improvement of language by them (Brady et al., 2013). The supporters of social cooperation hypotheses underlines that the encounters of language and social aptitudes are vital for improvement of language (Shaffer Kipp, 2013).According to this vision, the dynamic having the capacity of creating language will put forth attempts to impart (Shaffer Kipp, 2013).When the kids put forth these attempts for the advancement of language, the guardians will begin giving encounters, which will support the procedure. By this way, youngsters figure out how to relate the advancement of language to its social criticalness (Pringle, 2013). The state of childrens condition is an essential part of their movement (Whitcomb Merrell, 2013). Understanding the different ecological angles encourages the people to guarantee that their kids are getting what they requirement for their ideal development just as improvement. It likewise assists with distinguishing a potential issue (Wood, Kendal Flynn, 2013). The manner by which the kids are treated by their folks and different guardians affects how they develop and create (Sternberg, 2014).The guardians who sustain independence help their kids feel cherished and acknowledged. A strong and tender condition encourages a youngster to concentrate on learning and he/she don't need to be made a fuss over picking up recognition and acknowledgment (Shaffer Kipp, 2013). Helping youngsters in taking care of issues, learning new things just as investing quality energy with them are a portion of the effective methods for supporting kids and helping them to develop and create (Hanko, 2016). Deficient chances of learning are one of the primary patrons in upsetting the advancement of youngsters (Charlesworth, 2013). A portion of the therapists propose that messing around with the kids is a successful method for advancing solid turn of events. As kids get more established, the guardians should play with them and help them in taking care of the issues (Doise et al., 2013). Childrens early home condition significantly affects their wellbeing and prosperity. Beginning from adolescence, an intricate domain of the home can upset the pressure reaction arrangement of the mind, hamper the sound turn of events, and lead to the decrease of providing care which is gotten by a youngster (Chevalier et al., 2013). As indicated by various investigations it has been discovered that a negative domain in the home during the initial five years prompts a few formative issues, for example, despondency, nervousness, animosity, debilitated intellectual and language advancement and absence of enthusiasm for examines (Hartas, 2012). It has been uncovered by the cerebrum imaging research that experiencing childhood in a poor situation causes the childrens mind to create in an alternate manner (Brady et al., 2013). For example, living in a situation, which is influenced by destitution and turmoil, can bring about the progressions of stress arrangement of the mind that upgrade a childs vulnerability to incessant illnesses later on (Shaffer Kipp, 2013). The investigations of little youngsters have perceived unmistakable examples of the movement of the mind related with salary of the family just as financial status, especially in those zones of the cerebrum that are related with social and passionate turn of events, learning and memory, and language capacity (Whitcomb Merrell, 2013). At long last, it tends to be presumed that human insight isn't completely dictated by the natural factors yet it has part to do with the earth, transcendently on account of language learning ability. The ecological elements impact the language learning ability and social advancement of youngsters. The ecological states of youngsters are a basic part of their turn of events. Understanding the distinctive ecological viewpoints causes us to ensure that the youngsters are getting what they requirement for their ideal development just as advancement. It likewise helps in recognizing potential issues. The manner by which the kids get treatment by their folks and different parental figures affects how they develop and create. In this way, the ecological angles ought not be disregarded as they are basic for language learning ability and social improvement of youngsters successfully. References Brady, N. C., Thiemann-Bourque, K., Fleming, K., Matthews

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Who Is Lying to Us About List of Social Justice Issues?

Who Is Lying to Us About List of Social Justice Issues? The Key to Successful List of Social Justice Issues To demonstrate precisely how simple it is to get an experience that's so far removed from what's actually right, you're likely to have to count. A great education (in comparison with a bad one) will give a kid with a heightened chance of taking advantage of chances to be prosperous in life. There's no limit to the theory of sharing. Therefore, two options are presented. On the flip side, you might write from a worldwide perspective and examine sustainable cities throughout the world. Criticising Islam and Islamism, for instance, really isn't the very same as attacking Muslims. Presently, there are many protests happening in the capital of Saudi Arabia in addition to a variety of different cities. Obsessing on outperforming history must be the quickest way to walk backwards. Social justice issues can happen in connection with practically any part of society where ineq uality can arise because of unjust prejudices or policies. Their deficiency of pluralism can be observed clearly even in the present time. Social workers in rural places, therefore, must be ready for the special environment they will face on a daily basis. Ethnocentrism is a system which elevates one particular culture above another, judging different groups as inferior dependent on the standards and values of a person's own culture. Gossip, Deception and List of Social Justice Issues In doing this you can advance your degree of competence in this region and better serve your campus community. Attempting to locate fresh concepts is possibly the exciting actions however it can as well be exhausted when we can't get the wanted idea. Social injustices can be available in many unique forms. Unsurprisingly, because job opportunities are lessen for dropouts, these 2 groups have the maximum incarceration prices. The Basic Facts of List of Social Justice Issues From off campus, you will have to log in with your Menlo username and password so as to access a few of these resources. This site provides a summary of a few of these issues in depth, and links to other resources where you are able to get extra info. The notion that there's no problem if there are some errors in something and there's no need to strive for excellence. Have a look at the hyperlink below to register. The Bad Secret of List of Social Justice Issues For a lot of us, books provide a good place to begin. Make what it is that you are teaching relevant to what's going on in the world. If you're feeling a bit antisocial at the moment, spend a couple of minutes Googling a number of these topics to determine if they may do the job for your research paper. To get started researching local problems, head straight to local newspapers and internet sources. There are several different kinds of privilege. Additional the most sinister abusers often decide to reside in a secluded rural regio n to decrease their likelihood of getting caught. Because we as Christians think that all humans share the identical worth before God, it's simple to dismiss difference of any type, including skin color. To be just it's not sufficient to know about injustice and analyse root causes. Definitions of List of Social Justice Issues In years past your high school senior could graduate and go work at the neighborhood factory for the remainder of their life and create a great living. It's possible for you to bring your family and friends to volunteer. For example, if you're having students learn to compose letters, be sure they actually get mailed to an actual individual. This community will grow. There's already an excessive amount of funding free of control going into many organizations like First Nations and the CBC. The agency already features an ombudsman's office, but it functions as a one-stop shop for general info about the department for elected officials and the general public. Social justice doesn't mean an individual has rights to something they did not earn. From time to time, a law is the reason behind the social justice issue. Defendants don't have any idea whether prosecutors are making disclosure they require. In many instances, the harshness of the crime can land a defendant in the adult court system irrespective of age. It doesn't conduct investigations.

Friday, May 15, 2020

A Brief Note On Fair Dealing And Fair Use - 1011 Words

A recurrent theme evident throughout copyright literature is the comparison between ‘fair dealing’ and ‘fair use. These provisions allow for additional rights to be awarded to users for educational or research purposes. Their meaning and scope are defined by different legal systems, thus are not synonymous terms. ‘Fair dealing’ is a legal term pertaining to common law jurisdictions. It is used to establish whether the use of a copyright material is lawful or whether it infringes copyright. With research or private study as a central requirement, a two-part test must be carried out with the purpose, the character, the amount, the alternatives, the nature, and the effects of the dealing taken into consideration. The introduction of the ‘fair use’ model, with ‘different elements’ to the US doctrine, is highlighted by the ‘Modernising Copyright’ Report 2013. With recent worldwide trends moving to a ‘fair useâ₠¬â„¢ doctrine, there are many advocates promoting the method, considering it a highly flexible way of enabling use of copyright works without infringement. Universities Australia, in its submission to the ALRC discussion paper, believed the replacement of ‘fair dealing’ exceptions with ‘fair use’ would enable academics to use copyright material in more advantageous ways currently afforded to the US. Fair Tidmarsh also reach favourable conclusions, noting that it would allow copyright works to be used in a way â€Å"consistent with the greater public interest of facilitatingShow MoreRelatedAbdeali Dalal. Dr. Jenkins. History 1301. February 13,1541 Words   |  7 Pages89-109) to account for another. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Globalization Of Dreams And Its Effects On Dreams

Globalization of Dreams The focus of this study is to continue previous research relating the significance of cultures and dreams. These studies have set out to show what how much of an effect culture has on dreams. To measure this, other researchers have recorded participants’ typical dreams. These studies have helped us to understand some of the differences in beliefs, values, and structure of other cultures as well as the differences and similarities. Through analyzing the differences and similarities of our various cultures we learn what humans share in values as a whole and how our society influences our thinking and actions. By interviewing two people from two different collectivistic cultures, there should be a great deal of similarities between the two. Any differences recorded found will be derived from individual perspectives rather than culture. The goal of the research is to show culture doesn’t heavily influence our dreams but rather individual perceptions of the world around the m do. There isn’t a significant difference in typical dreams between cultures, rather researchers tend to agree that culture doesn’t have much of an effect on dreams and it has more to do with our individual perception of our day (Jaenicke 2009). In Griffith, Miyago, and Tago’s (1958) study of The Universality of Typical Dreams: Japanese vs. Americans, statistics showed â€Å"out of the 34 typical dreams compared between the two, 14 held a significant difference of a .01 confidenceShow MoreRelatedUnited States Immigrations Impact on the Economy Essay605 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way globalization has improved and affect our economy. This country was first establish by all the immigrates who came here in hopes of better futures but many have forgotten their roots and how they became a member of this nation. 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The capital and injustice in Latin America has shown to be one of the reasons for such concern of the extent globalization has taken with the lack of correspondence of human rights. Urbanization has expanded to this extent at the exploitation of the indigenous peoples human rights. The affect of modernizing countries (globalization) is thought to be a main contributor

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Employee Email Privacy

Question: Discuss about theEmployee Email Privacy. Answer: Introduction: There has been big legal hustle for rights of employee email privacy in organizations. The increment of dependency on computers and technology for every work in organizations has added to the menace of email restrictions in the premises of workplace. The advancement in technology has provided employers the power to check the mails of employees as they can have the power to indulge into electronic mails in the name sake of business activities and functions. Moreover, when this act seems to be unjust, it is actually allowed by the law of most countries. Other activities such as messages and conversations of employees may some privacy but the prowl continues.(Brandeisky, 2015) Null Hypothesis: H0=Email privacy is useful for the business organization. Alternate Hypothesis: H1=Email privacy is not useful for the business organization. The level of privacy in emails has deteriorated to huge extent. One should not expect the email conversations in business world to be private as even the judiciary system support employers. There are several organizations which have been monitoring mails of their employees in regular basis. Thus, the present article helps one to understand the concept of email privacy and the ways which can help one to handle such situations in the organization. The two hypotheses selected show the different facets of the term email privacy.(Guerin, 2016) The technology has played an important role in helping organizations to get a hold of their employees and their daily communication in office. Devices to track electronic mails are available and many organizations make good use of these devices. As the per the survey which was conducted by AMA (American Management Association), companies have used these devices and trackers for firing employees who have misused their business emails. More than 50 percent of organizations in United States are using these types of software. Major companies in the business world argue to the fact that such acts of vigilance are performed to stop the issues related to legal liability. Emails are documents which have validity and have to produce by any employer at the time of court trials. Many organizations have faced difficulties wherever a lawsuit was filed against them due to an employee email. So, in these cases the honourable judiciary system support the act of interference by employers if there is a business intention linked to it. Thus, it proves that emails are not private.(Chory et al., 2016) Email privacy wars are not constrained just into the premises of company campuses but have moved to different level where large email providers such as Microsoft are backing the plea. Recently, there was a court trial in United States between Microsoft and federal bureau of United States. The federal authority wanted the technological companies of United States to provide access on emails of the customers which are stored overseas. Ultimately, the court ruled a decision in favour of companies. Federal system cannot force companies to have control the information of their customers which have been stored on servers on different locations. The argument that was put forward and supported by technological companies were the control would create an issue on the privacy of citizens of United States. The decision in the favour of government would have provided control to foreign agents to have access over information of citizens of United States.(Mishra Crampton, 1998) Several cases have been registered against the use of emails in indiscreet methods and it has been found that laws regarding this topic are much vague according to the role of electronic mail and internet at organizations. Data protection act which was ruled out in 1998 supports the requirements of employers regarding snooping into mails. Hence, too much of relaxation to employer's side has increased the havoc of being tracked at any time. For example, employers can track any information which has been accessed by employees on their workstation. Moreover, due to configuration of official email accounts on personal devices would actually provide a chance for the employers to control personal contacts. Hence, too much of authority is provided to employers and confidentiality of employees' information should be kept in mind while amending laws. Certain efforts such as using different technologies for encrypting messages and mail conversations might be helpful against malicious activitie s within and outside the organization. Further, system should be securely designed to eliminate loopholes of intrusion or snooping activities. These acts will be beneficial to employees and guard their privacy regarding email conversations.(Peterson, 2015) The second hypothesis states that email privacy cannot be practiced properly by organizations. There are guidelines which are provided by the company related to the usage of emails in office premises. Organizations say that control on emails is put on employees to restrict legal issues. Surveillance of email accounts is valid till employers meeting the criteria of impact assessment.(Muhl, 2003) Reasons and evidence to support your position stated in your hypothesis statement. Filtering of messages is performed to monitor emails. Privacy laws do not protect employees from being monitored by their employers. Electronic mails are the property of organization whenever they are sent through workstations. There is a sense of business purpose from employer's side when monitoring of business mails is performed.(employment, 2016) Moreover, factors such as productivity, legal liabilities and other related problems force employers to have an eye on their employees system. Confidentiality does not prevail only to employees but there are various confidential information which are being transmitted in an organization through business mails. In such cases, employers are obliged to monitor those internal and external transmissions in their organization to secure their businesses. Further, there have been many examples in which the whole process was taken back from the organization by their clients for the sake of data confidentiality. Hence, business providers are very careful about monitoring of emails.(theguardian, 2016) Emails are prime evidences in cases whenever there is a clash between employers and employees. Moreover, it can be used as proof against both employers and employees to prove their wrongdoing or misconduct. Other trackers used by employers on their employees are website trackers to monitor the movement of employees on internet, blocking websites for employees for causes related to business growth, and also limiting the usage of some webs ites. These types of restrictions are assigned by organization to secure business processes.(Walker et al., 2007) Therefore, due to plenty of restrictions in workplace, it is better to eliminate chances of getting caught by employers. Moreover, there are some codes of ethics which are discussed by Australian Computer Society.(society, 2016) They include giving first place to public interest above sectional, business or personal interest, taking quality of life into account, honesty, and competence. It also believes in professionalism and professional development. Thus, it can be said that due to the current situations in business world, email privacy cannot be implemented effectively and thus, the alternate hypothesis cannot be fulfilled or executed. Hence, it gives support to the null hypothesis that email privacy does not support in the development of business organizations.(entrust, 2006) Restrictions have to be mandated and followed in business premises which would be beneficial for the organization and employees in the long run. There are certain steps which can be performed while working in offices. Simple steps such as limiting informal message conversation (messages send to family and friends) should be followed. Moreover, communication which may seem as unwelcomed or bigoted messages can be eliminated. In this manner, employees working in organization would have an insight about communications in the workplace. But there should be a balance between the privileges of employers about monitoring employee's private data. Legal help is always an option for the employees who are distressed and victimized by their employers. References Brandeisky, K., 2015. 5 Things You Didnt Know About Using Personal Email at Work. [Online] Available at: https://time.com/money/3729939/work-personal-email-hillary-clinton-byod/ [Accessed 24 august 2016]. Chory, R.M., Vela, L.E. Avtgis, T.A., 2016. Organizational Surveillance of Computer-Mediated Workplace Communication: Employee Privacy Concerns and Responses. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 28(01), pp.23-43. employment, 2016. Privacy in the Workplace: Overview. [Online] Available at: https://employment.findlaw.com/workplace-privacy/privacy-in-the-workplace-overview.html [Accessed 24 2016august]. entrust, 2006. Encrypting Email with Your Eyes Closed. entrust. Guerin, L., 2016. Email Monitoring: Can Your Employer Read Your Messages? [Online] Available at: https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/email-monitoring-can-employer-read-30088.html [Accessed 24 august 2016]. Mishra, J.M. Crampton, S.M., 1998. Employee monitoring: Privacy in the workplace? S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 63(03), pp.04-11. Muhl, C.J., 2003. Workplace e-mail and Internet use:employees and employers beware. Monthly Labor Review. Peterson, A., 2015. Microsoft just won a huge legal victory on email privacy. [Online] Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/07/14/microsoft-just-won-a-huge-legal-victory-about-email-privacy/ [Accessed 24 august 2016]. society, a.c., 2016. ACS code of ethics. [Online] acs Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/7835/Code-of-Ethics.pdf [Accessed 24 august 2016]. theguardian, 2016. Filter tips. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2007/jun/25/workandcareers [Accessed 24 august 2016]. Walker, M.W.A.L., Coopman, S.J. Hart, J.L., 2007. Workplace Surveillance and Managing Privacy Boundaries. Management Communication Quarterly, 21(02), pp.172-200.

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

All About the Rock Called Chert

All About the Rock Called Chert Chert is the name for a widespread type of sedimentary rock that is made of silica (silicon dioxide or SiO2). The most familiar silica mineral is quartz in microscopic or even invisible crystals- that is, microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz. Learn more about how it is made and find out what it is made of. Chert Ingredients Like other sedimentary rocks, chert starts with particles accumulating. In this case, it happened in bodies of water. The particles are the skeletons (called tests) of plankton, microscopic creatures that spend their lives floating in the water column. Plankton secrete their tests using one of two substances that are dissolved in water: calcium carbonate or silica. When the organisms die, their tests sink to the bottom and accumulate in a growing blanket of microscopic sediment called ooze. Ooze is usually a mixture of plankton tests and extremely fine-grained clay minerals. A clay ooze, of course, eventually becomes claystone. An ooze that is primarily calcium carbonate (aragonite or calcite), a calcareous ooze, typically turns into a rock of the limestone group. Chert is derived from a siliceous ooze. The composition of ooze depends on details of geography: ocean currents, the availability of nutrients in the water, world climate, depth in the ocean, and other factors. Siliceous ooze is mostly made of the tests of diatoms (one-celled algae) and radiolarians (one-celled animals or protists). These organisms build their tests of completely uncrystallized (amorphous) silica. Other minor sources of silica skeletons include the particles made by sponges (spicules) and land plants (phytoliths). Siliceous ooze tends to form in cold, deep water because calcareous tests dissolve in those conditions. Chert Formation and Precursors Siliceous ooze turns to chert by going through a slow transformation unlike that of most other rocks. The lithification and diagenesis of chert is an elaborate process.   In some settings, siliceous ooze is pure enough to lithify into a lightweight, minimally processed rock, called diatomite if composed of diatoms, or radiolarite if made of radiolarians. The amorphous silica of a plankton test is not stable outside the living things that make it. It seeks to crystallize, and as ooze is buried to depths greater than 100 meters or so, the silica begins to mobilize with the modest rise in pressure and temperature. There is plenty of pore space and water for this to happen, and plenty of chemical energy being released by crystallization as well as by the breakdown of organic matter in the ooze. The first product of this activity is a hydrated silica (opal) called opal-CT because it resembles cristobalite (C) and tridymite (T) in X-ray studies. In those minerals, silicon and oxygen atoms align with water molecules in a different arrangement than that of quartz. A less-processed version of opal-CT is what makes up with water molecules in a different arrangement than that of quartz. A less-processed version of opal-CT is what makes up common opal. A more processed version of opal-CT is often called opal-C because in X-rays it looks more like cristobalite. The rock composed of lithified opal-CT or opal-C is porcellanite. More diagenesis causes the silica to lose most of its water as it fills pore space in the siliceous sediment. This activity converts the silica into true quartz, in microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline form, also known as the mineral chalcedony. When that happens, chert is formed. Chert Attributes and Signs Chert is as hard as crystalline quartz with a hardness rating of seven  in the Mohs scale   maybe a bit softer, 6.5, if it still has some hydrated silica in it. Beyond simply being hard, chert is a tough rock. It stands above the landscape in outcrops that resist erosion. Oil drillers dread it because its so hard to penetrate. Chert has a curvy conchoidal fracture that is smoother and less splintery than the conchoidal fracture of pure quartz; ancient toolmakers favored it, and high-quality rock was a trade item between tribes. Unlike quartz, chert is never transparent and not always translucent. It has a waxy or resinous luster unlike the glassy luster of quartz.   The colors of chert range from white through red and brown to black, depending on how much clay or organic matter it contains. It often has some sign of its sedimentary origin, such as bedding and other sedimentary structures or microfossils. They may be abundant enough for a chert to get a special name, as in the red radiolarian chert carried to land by plate tectonics from the central ocean floor. Special Cherts Chert is a quite general term for noncrystalline siliceous rocks, and some subtypes have their own names and stories. In mixed calcareous and siliceous sediments, the carbonate and the silica tend to segregate. Chalk beds, the calcareous equivalent of diatomites, may grow lumpy nodules of chert of the type called flint. (Similarly, thick chert beds may grow nodules and pods of limer ock limestone or dolomite rock.) Flint is commonly dark and gray, and more lustrous than typical chert. Agate and Jasper are cherts that form outside the deep-sea setting; they occur where fractures allowed silica-rich solutions to enter and deposit chalcedony. Agate is pure and translucent whereas Jasper is opaque. Both stones commonly have reddish colors from the presence of iron oxide minerals. The peculiar ancient banded iron formations consist of thin layers of interbedded chert and solid hematite. Some important fossil localities are in chert. The Rhynie Cherts in Scotland contain remains of the oldest land ecosystem from nearly 400 million years ago early in the Devonian Period. And the Gunflint Chert, a unit of banded iron formation in western Ontario is famous for its fossil microbes, dating from the Early Proterozoic time some two billion years ago.

Thursday, March 12, 2020

Diversity of the world’s population The WritePass Journal

Diversity of the world’s population Introduction Diversity of the world’s population IntroductionTranscultural NursingThe Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory by Madeleine LeiningerThe Sunrise EnablerThe Ethno-nursing MethodHolistic Nursing PracticeThe Theory of Environmental Adaptation by Florence NightingaleTranscultural Nursing vs. Holistic Nursing PracticeConclusionRelated Introduction Diversity of the world’s population has reached a point where it is vital to address and more importantly to understand, the ever growing challenge that transcultural nursing poses to the nursing profession. Addressing this issue avoids discrimination and promotes equality within holistic nursing practice in order to meet patients’ needs. Health care professionals should be qualified to deliver, on a daily basis, proficient care and sensitive skilled communication to culturally different individuals (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). To exercise professional nursing in a conceptual way holistic nursing care focuses on physical, emotional, social, environmental and spiritual aspects as well as on the idea that any individual involved in treatment care should be treated as a whole and with dignity (Dossey Guzzetta, 2005). One of the areas to be discussed is Transcultural Nursing and Leininger’s Transcultural Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality and its research enablers: the Sunrise Enabler and the Ethnonursing Method. Another area will be Holistic Nursing Practice and Nightingale’s Nursing Theory of Environmental Adaptation as well as the liaison between Transcultural Nursing and Holistic Nursing Practice. Nightingale’s theory has been chosen over others because she was the first to acknowledge nurses’ work in a theoretical framework and also because she was considered to be the mother of nursing practices (Ellis, 2008). The development of culture care theory introduced health care professionals into a new nursing dimension formed by issues such as culture background, spirituality, environment and others that demonstrated how culture and health care are linked (Leininger, 2002a). Holistic Nursing Practice encourages active communication and reciprocal understanding, underlines the exercise of physiological and psychosocial awareness, it is based on logical thinking and supports values such as autonomy and patient wishes and tendencies (MacKinnon, 2010). Transcultural Nursing Transcultural nursing may be defined as a method to contrast and observe how individuals view health care, biased by their culture background. The principles of practising transcultural nursing are to provide complete nursing care to individuals or groups by treating them with respect and taking into account their cultural factors. It is all about nursing practice applied to cultural values and limitations (Leininger, 1991). Definitions of transcultural nursing incorporate many factors that shape the individual’s cultural orientation. These include are age, sexual orientation and financial aspects. It has been suggested that by ignoring these culture background factors, health care professionals do not achieve enough cultural experience to be incorporated in holistic nursing practice (Barnes et al. 2000). This absence might lead to unsafe nursing care and both dissatisfied patients and professionals (Curren, 2006 cited in Leininger McFarland, 2006, pp.159-160). To promote transcultural nursing care, Narayan (2001) felt that there are four crucial attitudes to assume caring, empathy, openness and flexibility. This shows the patients a cultural understanding, appreciation, consideration and willingness from health care professionals that are based on individual care. Cultural education and the creation of culturally competent care professionals are one of the biggest challenges yet to tackle worldwide. For instance, in America, as the migrant population increases notably so it does the need for reducing inequalities and barriers such as language. Maier-Lorentz (2008) firmly understood that such a need could be met by the targeting of bilingual health care professionals coming from different backgrounds. Moreover, she suggested that in order to provide culturally competent nursing care, some knowledge of non-vocal communication signs could be of great value, as it is in eye contact, touch, silence, space and distance, and health care habits. Green-Hernandez (2004) recommended that as a step towards multicultural competency, professionals that need to deal with farmers should familiarize themselves with their specific customs such as using animal medication for their own conditions as a consequence of living far away from the care institutions. With the purpose of understanding culture, Andrews Boyle (1997) gave out diverse illustrations. For example, they suggested that by understanding a people’s proverbs, professionals may grasp knowledge of the cultural values shared by that population. The authors also stressed the importance of culture knowledge when coming across two different ways to view stealing. For one culture it may not be acceptable whereas for another one, e.g. gipsy people, it may be ok, as long as it is coming from a better-off person. Furthermore, they also found, through researchers, that different cultures may think that by being a demanding patient, the treatment they receive may improve. Riley (2004) reported that a foremost test for nurses in an ethnically different society is communication. Not just words but also tone and volume form spoken communication which in diverse cultures differs greatly. For example, Thai people are regarded as not talking too much as they believe it is a sign of idiocy whereas Cuban people are happy with talking vociferously. He also pointed out that Europeans are not afraid of talking about emotions whereas Asians are hesitant to do so. With regards to communication without words Riley (2004) explained that eye contact is not always expected. For instances, in Native America and Asian cultures it is offensive and among Muslim Arab women it is allowed only to their husbands. Therefore, he identified the importance for healthcare professionals to be culturally aware. Phillimore (2011) explored the challenge of provision of diversity needs in the UK based on studies done on health care service provision to new migrants, during 2007/08 in Birmingham. She stated that with political forces wanting to reduce welfare support for new migrants, such provision becomes quite a challenge. She also believed that, in the long run, this disregarding of health care needs will lead to further issues for the health care system that otherwise could be avoided by just providing what is needed now: cultural and language services and health support. It was also suggested that in today’s political climate offering of ethnically specific provision by the community and for the community, results in the local needs not being met, as the existing GP systems are already overstretched. She concluded that a number of migrants are condemned to an unwelcoming future since UK seems to embrace a tendency of anti-migrant sentiment and a move to community institution instead of multicultural provision (Phillimore, 2011). The Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory by Madeleine Leininger In the 1950’s Madeleine Leininger, a nurse-anthropologist, realised that nursing practice was requiring a theory to allow people to transform nursing into a more advanced and beneficial discipline that challenges nurses to open up to cultural variety and universality (Leininger, 2006). This was developed as a response to the demand for multicultural care which was immense and yet incomplete as many healthcare systems did not consider the need for bringing together culture and nursing care (Giger Davidhizar, 2008). The culture care diversity and universality theory developed by Leininger in 1991 (Leininger, 2002a) is unique in that it focuses on competent care, can be used upon any culture and is based not only on individuals but groups and families too. The theory addresses the importance of a consistent cultural competence instrument to acquire cultural awareness through a constant learning attitude and approval towards human differences and rights by health care professionals (Burford, 2001, cited in Baxter, 2001, pp. 202-203). Leininger (2002a) insisted on the importance of transcultural knowledge as a tool to avoid human acts such as the event of September 11, 2001. She then proposed the culture care theory as the most holistic approach to gradually transform the health system. This much needed transformation requires understanding of individuals in ways that identify and respect their cultural background and will lead us to understand such transcultural dismay. The theory was used in a study among Hispanic home care patients in the US, 2007, in order to identify cultural needs. As a result, care delivery improved in some areas and there was a suggestion describing the use of the model as a tool to reduce costs in the health care system (Woerner et al. 2009). Leininger’s theory applies not only to races from different backgrounds but also to today’s controversial groups such as transgendered people, disabled people , the youth, poverty and the homeless that may pose a certain degree of difficulty of understanding to healthcare professionals. There is also an agreement that, thanks to Leininger’s culture care theory, the nursing profession today knows how to allow for culture when looking after individuals and has a widely spread   caring philosophy in hospitals (Clarke et al. 2009). For this model to assist the health care professional to understand factors as important as management and policies, as well as being able to reflect on their decisions and actions, Leininger designed two tool assessments, The Sunrise Enabler and the Ethno Nursing research method, which are based on monitoring treatment care on a daily basis (Hubbert, 2006, cited in Leininger McFarland, 2006, pp. 354-356). The sunrise enabler focuses mainly on total life ways and caring factors influencing health and well-being, disabilities and death. It also identifies features influenced by the patient’s cultural background whereas ethnonursing finds ways in which multicultural care could be better. In doing so, the reflected culture becomes part of the holistic nursing practice (Leininger, 2006). The Sunrise Enabler The Sunrise Enabler is used as an assessment tool to enable multidisciplinary teams to deliver suitable and competent cultural assessments that impede intolerance and stereotype behaviour. This is to supply the healthcare system with a guide to cultural vicinities ranging from religious beliefs to economic factors (Giger Davidhizar, 2008). Wherever a healthcare professional starts the model either from the top or from the bottom, the most important feature is to listen to the individuals, trying to grasp ideas and concepts rather than enforcing them (Leininger, 2002a). Healthcare professionals struggled to understand the meaning of factors influencing the care practice so crucial when applying the culture care theory. Such factors as culture beliefs, environment and religion were to be included in the nursing care, therefore Leininger (1997) built the Sunrise Enabler to illustrate such aspects. The Ethno-nursing Method This method was developed to fit the purposes of qualitative research methods. It is a systematic method for studying multiple cultures and care factors within a familiar environment of people and to focus on the interrelationships of care and culture to arrive at the goal of culturally congruent care. Ethnonursing is a particular research method developed by Leininger to inspect the theory. It was developed to allow health care professionals to discover new ways of helping different cultural groups distinguish features of nursing care (Leininger, 2006). Leininger (2006, p.6) stated that the ethnonursing method â€Å"†¦was new and unknown in nursing and was different from other qualitative methods including ethnography†. Holistic Nursing Practice The exercise of modern nursing is based on the view of holism that underlines the individual’s wholeness. Healing viewed as an indication of nursing practice that treats people as whole, developed in the late 20th and early 21st century into a popular subject in nursing in order to clarify the meaning of wholeness and holism. As a result, alternative therapies surfaced as approaches of practice in holistic nursing (Locsin, 2002). The definition of holistic came into effect in the 20th century. Then the word holism included the physical, emotional, mental, social, cultural, and spiritual view. This view of holism was envisioned by Florence Nightingale who is seen today as an example to follow, although many of her studies are not used in today’s nursing practice (Beck, 2010). â€Å"Holistic nursing care embraces the mind, body and spirit of the patient, in a culture that supports a therapeutic nurse/patient relationship, resulting in wholeness, harmony and healing. Holistic care is patient led and patient focused in order to provide individualised care, thereby, caring for the patient as a whole person rather than in fragmented parts† (McEvoy Duffy, 2008, Vol.8, p. 418). Furthermore, it addressed the expansion of multidisciplinary and collaborative teams as a way to applying holistic care into practice and asserted that the practice of holistic care by health professionals should avoid intrusion and, when really needed, as it is the case of unconscious patients, should use skills that include aspects such as consideration, disciplined criticism and liability in order to exercise nursing in a holistic approach (McEvoy Duffy, 2008). Since individuals from different culture backgrounds may appreciate holistic nursing practice and care choices in different ways so is the healthcare provided in different ways (Locsin, 2001). It may also be the case that some individuals may feel embarrassed to mention alternative remedies used in the past, therefore the assessment should be supportive rather than disapproving (Maddalena, 2009). Pearcey (2007) ran a study on clinical practices amongst student nurses to draw on a few key points related to holistic nursing practice. It was found that the notion of holistic care was not clear within nursing practice. Some students claimed not to know the right meaning of holistic nursing practice and also claimed that tasks and routines are what nursing is all about. The study showed an evident lack of professionalism and knowledge amongst care professionals as well as a huge gap between what is taught and what is really applied at work. The author concluded that there is a real risk of inconsistency within the profession. Within the practice of holistic care there has been lately a huge influence of alternative or complementary medicine which care experts have tried to professionalise by setting certain values to be met. A study amongst nurses and midwives accomplished in England, 2008, revealed this but also the lack of initiative from the NHS to incorporate such practices, even though it was demonstrated that a huge variety of them were successfully applied on patients where biomedicine seemed not to work. Such practices included reflexology, aromatherapy, acupuncture and massage that actually underlined biomedicine rather than substituted (Cant et al. 2011). Whilst carrying out an interview on medical students in the UK, a student suggested that it is actually a catch-22-situation when looking after patients from diverse races as they have diverse predominance of whatever conditions that eventually will require different treatment, a world apart from what is being taught in medical schools with regards to treating everyone in the same way (Roberts et al. 2008). A quick look to Harrison (2008) for a concluding comment on multicultural nursing in relation to holistic care, offers us this brief view: a Western health care organism that has not managed to treat minority communities in a holistic manner is a system that claims to care for one and all identically. The Theory of Environmental Adaptation by Florence Nightingale According to Nightingale’s Theory of Environmental Adaptation, an individual’s health is improved by looking after the surrounding environment. It goes further than this and asks for the environment to be operated by the health care professionals as an approach to healing (Howett et al.   2010). Florence Nightingale defined nursing as â€Å"†¦the act of utilising the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery† (Funnell et al. 2009). She determined that the deficiency of factors such as uncontaminated air, clean water, sanitation, hygiene and sunlight is unhealthy to the human being. Furthermore, she reasoned that temperature, environment and nutrition affect the patient (Kozier, et al. 2008). This theory of nursing includes inspection, recognition of environment changes and their execution and supporting the patient health care by allowing the environment to benefit the patient (Neils, 2010). Selanders (2010) reviewed and compared this theory’s aspects with modern day practice and reported that Nightingale’s concept, such as air, light, noise and cleanliness is equal to today’s concept of physical environment; health recommendations to psychological environment; food to nutritional status and observation to nursing management. The author also estimated that the theory has been used in several qualitative works and some studies on the childbirth process. Transcultural Nursing vs. Holistic Nursing Practice According to Leininger (2002b) patients are not provided full holistic care by health professionals. Factors such as kinship, religion, environment and culture are largely missing. For that reason, care professionals should avoid being judgmental when delivering holistic care and rather provide an all-inclusive care that respects the individual’s cultural background (Maddalena, 2009). As a student nurse, it is vital to value the development of cultural awareness and competency within the profession in order to encourage and address all stages of holistic nursing practice as it is meaningful to today’s multicultural society. Leininger (1997) also claimed that essential practice is needed to create a regulation of multicultural nursing that could be of use to much ignored cultures. For example, acute medical treatment, medication, and patient fulfilment can be improved by understanding care beliefs when bringing in nursing care which, in turn, could save the health care system financially and also have a desired positive outcome on patients (Woerner et al. 2009). Individuals or groups may clash with health professionals if they are not showing respect for each other’s cultural beliefs resulting in poor treatment and patients losing hope in the health care system. Hogg (2010a) also underpinned this understanding as crucial to delivering accurate holistic nursing practice. However, not only patients may lose faith in the system. Hogg (2010b) also affirmed that nurses from black and minority ethnic have suffered, at some point, racial harassment as well as lack of opportunities according to their numbers in the nursing profession. As holistic nursing practice centres on recognition of patients’ rights and choices (Potter, 2005 cited in Dossey et al. 2005, p.347), it is subsequently supporting the meaning behind multicultural care. The association of both precepts confirms an ongoing engagement to pursue equality and diversity as promoted by the Nursing Midwifery Council (2008). â€Å"Inherent in nursing is respect for human rights, including cultural rights, the right to life and choice, to dignity and to be treated with respect. Nursing care is respectful of and unrestricted by considerations of age, colour, creed, culture, disability or illness, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, politics, race or social status† (The International Council for Nurses, 2005). When assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating a patient’s needs as to medication, health professionals should take into account culture’s physiologic traits, as it can seriously impact the treatment. For instances, due to genetics, for one patient a normal given dose may develop a reaction whereas for another it may not work at all (Anon, 2005). Conclusion It is obvious that cultural competency is a must when performing holistic nursing practice, in order to deliver a responsive and high quality care system. It is therefore recommended that specific cultural training should be given to all health care professionals so as to not overlook the great multi-cultural society we all are in. As society becomes more diverse, health care professionals should expand guiding principles that sponsor cultural skills as a way to deliver enhanced holistic healthcare. By carrying out this essay, the author realises the significance of treating people in a holistic way and not making assumptions just because they are from different cultures. This is something that seems yet not to be well implemented in my workplace (NHS since 2007). The author will, from now on, be more aware of his practice when caring for individuals from different culture backgrounds. It can be considered that nursing as a profession is also an example of human culture so indispensable for a in peak condition community, as seen looking through the theories of nursing and its tools presented in this paper, which if not recognized may affect the execution of holistic practice and its results, i.e. it is a profession whose culture needs to be elastic if it is to  fulfill  its function.

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Can Humans and Animals Live in Harmony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Can Humans and Animals Live in Harmony - Essay Example Man’s desire to advance his living standards has had devastating effects on the survival of diverse animals through clearing their natural habitats, thus exposing them to adverse weather conditions. As such, this manuscript will mull over the issue of speciesism, thereby providing mitigation measures on this predicament. Man has continually affected the animals’ natural territory in various ways since time immemorial. Additionally, man has incessantly discriminated against animals through various exploitative activities. Experts refer to this as speciesism, and this remains to be a key challenge to him (Beirne 7). For instance, his activities in deforestation, owing to his desire in increasing his settlement has left various animal species homeless, thus leaving them vulnerable to extinction. In the earlier days before the onset of civilization, animals and man lived harmoniously, with the animals dwelling in their apt natural environments. However, as he progressed with civilization, man opted to enlarge his habitat by clearing extensive tracts of forests. Moreover, as humans increased in population, they continued to deforest the planet, thereby exposing diverse animals to the adverse weather conditions. Besides, man exploits various animals in his endeavor to satisfy his needs. For instance, man’s unfulfilled desire for food compels him to kill various animals. Additionally, he utilizes various animal products for other purposes that comprise clothing and other adornments, and medicine manufacture. This has occurred uncontrolled, until he realized of the looming danger of the extinction of various animal species (Beirne 8). This compelled humans into attempt to conserve animals, particularly the endangered ones. In addition, the industrialization era led to the emission of numerous hazardous materials. As a result, many animals, including the aquatic ones died and drastically reduced in population. Furthermore, emission of various gaseous wastes has torn down a significant part of the ozone layer, thereby leaving the animals susceptible to global warming. Moreover, various improvements in technology have significant impacts on the survival of animals. Man has created sophisti cated weapons, in his endeavor to boost his supremacy and military capability. Furthermore, man tests these weapons in vast lands, which are the dwellings of various animals. This happens in many nations, leading to deforestation and death of numerous animal species. Besides, man tests nearly all of his scientific inventions on animals (Beirne 7). Moreover, man’s attempt to control some annoying animals has proved fatal to other animals. For example, the application of insecticides to manage pests often leads to the death of other animals, including the aquatic life. Besides, man has domesticated many animals in his endeavor to satisfy his unrelenting needs, thereby leading to the animals’ alteration in biological structure. Humans also involve themselves in the transportation of various animals from their natural habitats to other habitats. This has most often led to the death of several animals, since they are not adapted to these new environments. Moreover, human de velopment in biotechnology has devastating effects on animals. This results from the fact that man alters the animals’ genetic order, leading to mutations. Moreover, man has crossed various animals, leading to the formation of many sterile breeds of

Saturday, February 8, 2020

First Solar Turns Sunshine into Profits Case Study

First Solar Turns Sunshine into Profits - Case Study Example Key Marketing Issues As a new entrant to some of Europe’s and North America’s markets, First Solar has some crucial marketing issues to consider. Three of these key marketing issues can be identified as: Identification of marketing forces that would be of greatest advantage to the entry that the company is seeking to undertake Identification of key market competitors and how to develop long term competitive advantages over these competitors How to integrate the advantages of technology into the marketing strategy of the company; so as to have the full benefit of the paradigm shift being created with advanced technology. 1 Which marketing environment forces are likely to have the greatest impact on First Solar? The generalized marketing environmental forces that are likely to affect the competition that First Solar brings on board has to do with external forces that generally inform the decision making cycle of consumers (Marshall, 2008). By this, reference is being made to such factors or forces as economic situation and environmental impacts. First, it would be noted that First solar is operating in a globalised market that is fast becoming concerned with the need to raising market product and service that are highly affordable. This is because of the increasing hardship that the global economy seem to be recording. Experts believe that there continues to be economic hardships among most consumers of energy products as an auxiliary effect of the global economic crunch that was experienced some few years back (The Gleaner, 2008). Because of this, consumers and clients of various products and services are always looking for value for money. With this situation in mind, there is certainly going to be an environmental phenomenon whereby buyers are going to opt for First Solar’s line of product as they are comparatively cheaper to existing sources of energy such as non-renewable energy. Again, there is an environmental impact that is largely go ing to impact on First Solar in a positive way. 2 What types of organizations are most likely to exert the strongest competitive forces on First Solar? Energy companies that introduce products that have alternative resource raw material are likely to face strong competitive force from existing competitors who use the alternative resource raw materials (Baxter, 2005). There is therefore going to be the threat of substitute products or services. In the case of First Solar, it would be realized that their major resource raw material is the use of solar energy. Meanwhile, there are alternative sources of resource raw materials in the renewable energy production industry. Dominant among these resource raw materials is the use of wind energy. Therefore, there is going to be a competitive force from existing competitors who are into the production of wind based renewable energy. Secondly, new entrants have always acted as major competitive forces to existing competitive who might have had long history of doing business such as First Solar (Marshall, 2008). This is because new entrants have a number of factors that pull consumers to them. For instance consumers who are on existing companies would like to compare service and product quality and so may opt for new entrants for a while. Again, new entrants come in with new sources of capital and so often have an economic advantage (Brown, Steven and. Sauder, 2008).

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Skype vs AT&T Essay Example for Free

Skype vs ATT Essay 1) What are the dominant economic characteristics of the VoIP Industry? Public switch telephone networks (PSTN) charge based on minutes whereas Voice-over Internet Protocol (VoIP) charges based on data usage. VoIP services charge a flat fee and Skype actually offers free talk between Skype users. VoIP is likely to grow significantly, taking away from PTSN’s market. VoIP is also cheap to operate as the infrastructure is already there. VoIP is also considered part of the information service industry and not the telecommunication service industry giving it an advantage politically against PTSN. 2) What does the Five Forces Model reveal about the profitability of the VoIP industry? Threat of New Entrants: The threat of new entrants is high in this market. Companies like Google, Microsoft and AOL are planning to compete in the VoIP market. Threat of Substitutes: Substitute for VoIP is low. Bargaining power of Buyers: The bargaining power is moderate because of the simplicity of switching to other companies. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The bargaining power is weak/limited because VoIP providers are widespread. Rivalry Between Existing Firms: Rivalry between firms is very high because switching costs are low and there is a lack of differentiation. 3) What are the Driving Forces in the industry? The Driving Forces in the industry are consumers’ eagerness for easy access to communication via the internet as well as the low cost of doing so, powerful substitute for telecommunications, and Skype’s costs are low and the consumer’s cost is low. 4) What are the Key Success Factors in the industry? The Key Success Factors are the ease of use which is the low cost for the users. Lower costs because both voice and data communications can run on a single network. Lastly, the continued development of PC2PC calls, videos, and file sharing. 5) Which type of strategy is Skype pursuing? The strategy that Skype is pursuing is differentiation with low-cost. Skype has easy and effective marketing and less expensive retailing and distribution. Skype to Skype calls lets you communicate between anyone at no  cost. With SkypeOut you can call any landline or mobile phone in the world at comparatively cheap local rates. Also, â€Å"SkypeIn† allows users to be reached by a traditional phone through a regular phone number. 6) What are Skype’s short-term and long-term prospects? Managing their competitors and increasing their revenue. They need to gain larger market share and standout against their competitors. They should also focus sales on a business to business side. They should be making sure that most companies, large and small, are using their application for conference calls.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

Comparing To Kill a Mockingbird with The Man Without a Face :: comparison compare contrast essays

"Fighting Fear and Tradition† Michael Jordan can't single-handedly win a basketball game. Wayne Gretzky can't win hockey games by himself either. It takes a team effort to be successful. That was exactly the case in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird and The Man Without a Face. Even though the time period of To Kill a Mockingbird (1930s) and The Man Without a Face (1960s) were vastly different, everyone needed help, no matter how dangerous. It is no easy task and takes a lot of courage, but it is not impossible, it is achievable.   Although Jem Finch and Charles Norstadt both matured over time, Jem had no real goal except to be a better all-around person, while Charles' goal was to make it to the military school. In Jem's situation, he believed one of the steps to success was to escort his little sister, Scout, back home. He did, but he paid a sacrificial price. A complete surprise attack would have left Jem lifeless like a fish on dry land if Boo Radley, the outcast, had not saved Jem's life. Jem even took the humiliation of apologizing after destroying the garden of Mrs. Dubose because of his lack of self control. Charles Norstadt matured a lot as well and was rewarded with entry to a top military school. He learned to accept the fact that people were no longer supporting him. For example, when McLeod ordered Charles to dig a 3x3x3 hole, he refused to do it. He later learned that this was his geometry lesson. Also, when Charles attempted to shortcut through his essay assignment, he was caught and acco!   rding to McLeod "a high class cheat now". Perhaps, Charles' biggest maturity step was his ability to see the person behind the burnt face of Justin McLeod. The news was biased, and McLeod would not answer, so he was forced to take facts from his personal experiences and interpret them "I didn't teach you the whole summer so you could cheat on this question!" yelled Justin McLeod. Even though both Jem and Charles fought against society's perspective, they both blossomed admirably and were later able to take a stand against a community with large prejudices. Despite the prejudices that both communities had, the community in To Kill a Mockingbird was racist towards Tom Robinson while the media portrayed the negative image of Justin McLeod in The Man Without a Face. Because of Tom Robinson's racial disadvantage in court, Atticus Finch became his lawyer. Atticus felt that everyone, including people of all colors, should be equal. "^ our courts are the great levelers,

Monday, January 13, 2020

Leadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Essay

Abstract The purpose of this essay is to analyze, compare, and contrast the leadership styles of two influential CEOs. I have collected information from many internet sources that elaborate on the life, achievements, and misfortunes of Jack Welch and Steve Jobs, and how they overcame their obstacles to become the best CEOs of all time. Leadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive. Jack Welch and Steve Jobs exemplify the true meaning of what a leader is. Their personality traits of being conscientious open to experiences, extroversion, persistent, and passionate has led them to be the most phenomenal visionary leaders of their time. Jack Welch was the chairman and CEO of General Electric between 1981 and 2001. During his duration at GE, he managed to introduce a fresh and innovative leadership style. Welch developed a ranking system that put employees in one of three categories. The top 20 percent were â€Å"stars†, the middle 70 percent were the crucial majority, and the bottom 10 percent were weeded out (Bloomberg, 1998). I admire and strongly agree with Welch’s management approach of making employee’s accountable. If you are hired to perform a job, then expecting results of a certain quality is justified. In addition, I believe that Welch’s passion for productivity and results allowed him to achieve effective performance management within his company. Results create success, and I believe most people tend not to raise their standards high enough if there are not serious repercussions that follow, such as being dismissed for not providing results. Welch most notable achievement was increasing the market value of the General Electric firm. As CEO he increased it from approximately $12 billion when he took over, to a colossal $505 at the time of his retirement (Management, 2012). He managed to make GE the world’s second largest company with a market capitalization that was only exceeded by Microsoft. Through hard work and perseverance Welch managed to attain legendary status of being one of the greatest CEOs of all time. Leadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Steve Jobs was an entrepreneur, co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. As the CEO of the company, Jobs covered the development of the iMac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and on the services side the company’s Apple Retail Stores, iTunes store, and the App store. The success of these products under Jobs provided stable years of financial return, and propelled Apple to become the world’s most valuable publically traded company. The reinvigoration of the company is regarded by commentators as one of the greatest turnarounds in business history (Gallo, 2011). Jobs was a â€Å"one-in-a-billion† innovator with a bulldog mentality. He created a vision and relentlessly drove it into completion. Jobs was a demanding perfectionist who always aspired to position his business and products at the forefront of the technology industry by understanding and setting trends with innovation and style. His reputation was built on being a brutal force and often destroyed staff for their â€Å"bozo† ideas and typically shrugged off his associates suggestions in favor of his own gut instinct. Moreover, he only wanted what he called â€Å"A-players†. Meaning that they had to be brilliant and he insisted that under the threat of being fired, that they would never reveal any of Apple’s secrets inside or outside of the organization (Juarez, 2011). In summary, both Welch and Jobs are extraordinary leaders who demonstrate charismatic and transformational leadership styles. They both have very similar qualities in wanting to produce results. However, they differ because Welch’s management style was cut throat in the sense of firing employees who did not perform. Yet, he was still open to the ideas of managers and employees, and empowered them. On the other hand, Jobs leadership style is regarded as unconventional and being a dictator, who only listens to his own intuition. References Bloomberg, L,P. (6/28/2012). How Jack Welch Runs GE. Business Week. Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http://www.businessweek.com/1998/23/b3581001.htm Gallo, F. (3/17/2012). What Kind of Leader Was Steve Jobs? Calypso Consulting. Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http://www.chinacalypso.com/content/what-kind-leader-was-steve-jobs Juarez, A. (10/5/2011). A Different Kind of Leader. Studying Systems for a Humane and Sustainable World. Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http://saybrook.typepad.com/complexity/2011/10/a-different-kind-of-leader-steve-jobs-1955-2011.html Management Strategies From A Top CEO. (4/16/2010). Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/10/manage-business-like-jack-welch.asp#axzz2CpmsLsRK

Sunday, January 5, 2020

War And Peace, By Nancy Scheper Hughes And Philippe

In an age of multiple overlapping crises involving public institutions, war, capital and law, we witness a normalization of violence in everyday life. Violence, as defined by the World Health Organization is the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community that may result in various harms ranging from psychological harm and deprivation to injury and death. From an anthropological perspective, all dimensions of violence are shaped by cultural and social structures, ideas and ideologies. In their publication titled Violence in War and Peace, Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Philippe Bourgois suggest that expressions and repressions of violence are sometimes so deeply embedded in broader socio-cultural structures that they go unrecognized. According to Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois, these misrecognized and often invisible forms of violence-- racism, inequality and exclusion--are often not â€Å"disapproved of† nor seen as â€Å"deviant† behavior but, are â€Å"generally applauded conventional social, economic and political norms† (5). From these larger social, cultural, and political systems, violence derives its power and meaning. Examining instances of violence in these ways, within their wider contexts of power and meaning, is critical for a variety of reasons. First, it provides a foundation for understanding other forms of violence, such as interpersonal or gender-based violence; second, it reveals thatShow MoreRelatedFeminicide, Gender Violence Agains t Women5270 Words   |  22 Pageswomen in Juà ¡rez and it has certainly aided in the murders that have been and are still being committed against them. Overall, we see many inequalities between genders that in turn create subversive power hierarchies as described by researchers like Philippe Bourgois. This ï ¬â€šip-ï ¬â€šopping of gender roles within the workplace as well as domestically within the household opposing traditional notions of what men and women were supposed to do, we see systemic examples of gender-based violence. The underlyingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCollege Michael Cruz, San Jose State University Robert Cyr, Northwestern University Evelyn Dadzie, Clark Atlanta University Joseph Daly, Appalachian State University Denise Daniels, Seattle Pacific University Marie Dasborough, Oklahoma State University Nancy Da Silva, San Jose State University C hristine Day, Eastern Michigan University Emmeline de Pillis, University of Hawaii, Hilo Kathy Lund Dean, Idaho State University Roger Dean, Washington Lee University Robert DelCampo, University of New Mexico